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Fine mesh mosquito netting was necessary to keep out the swarming pests, but made sleeping difficult because the netting blocked the delicate flow of air on suffocating nights. The slave quarters at Trevor Hill, a former plantation two miles west of Waterford, are significant because they are a pair, very few of which remain. Harrell was told first-hand how they were worked to the bone day and night on the plantation. Velma Austin has many happy memories of her father, Deacon Timothy Morris, who ministered to the spiritual needs of many of those who spent their lives on Waterford. As a child, Miller would get sent up to the landowner's house on the farm where her family was enslaved and "raped by whatever men were present," sometimes alongside her mother. The Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 which changed the status of over 3.5 million enslaved African Americans in the South from slave to free, did not emancipate some hundreds who were slaves. After the Civil War and emancipation, she worked on the neighboring Smith form as a house servant. Memories of the Waterford Plantation sugar operation in the 1940s are vivid. Laura had undoubtedly met her husband. I was born and raised in Killona in 1958, we did not live on a plantation, and everyone must have hid the fact that there were slaves there well into the 1970s, most people that lived on Waterford plantation was able to move the house they were in to where they wanted to. The article also contains a short documentary that follows Harrell as she conducts her research, and includes interviews with people who were enslaved through peonage. In recent years, the plantation has been restored and is now open to the public for tours and events. In the heart of the village, within a few doors of the Corner Store [40183 Main Street], there are several reminders of both the best and the worst of Waterford's African-American experience. A Waterford historian and mapmaker. She was sold to a Mr.Greeter in November 1939 who she worked for five years in Fort Smith Arkansas and then given freedom. I remember looking at their faces across the room, Harrell said. I work for a Federal agency, in tribute to Black History Month, its focus is Migration from the Plantations. The town is notable for the relatively large numbers of free blacks who made their homes in the village in the days of slavery. ", Saffer said, "The actions of some of your ancestors are things you can't control. And what about family that had already left? Forty percent of all the slaves that were brought to. Harrell documented that was the first time she had met people in involuntary service or slavery. Along Water Street to the right of the Weaver's Cottage once stood two more houses. In the years following the Civil War, many plantations in the Southern United States were abandoned as the economy collapsed and former slaves sought their own land. While many of their parents, by then in their 70s and in poor health, knew they were free but still stayed where they were or went to another plantation. A Georgia Negro Peon. One year a hurricane ruined the harvest and F. Evans Farwell, the owner, gave the workers a bonus anyway. The movie ALICE, in theaters now, tells the story. Whitney Plantation? They thought this way of life was normal. Unable to farm profitably without slaves after the Civil War, James Lewis's family sold their land by 1884. The site contains original structures and buildings that were rebuilt to their original specifications. I was 13 years old, and the history books are teaching me that slavery was abolished and Lincoln freed the slaves. I am satisfied that we can get the proper evidence against him and get a conviction in the federal court, This case was in Louisiana in the year of 1933. Born in New Orleans, but Killona is home for me. The Robinson family made it their home for more than 100 years. At Christmas time, the Farwells would buy every child under twelve a toy, and everyone else would receive candy. Five remarkable facts about Emmet Tills mother, Mamie Till-Mobley, you should know, Big Bill Tate, the heavyweight boxer who used the rings to get jobs for 2,600 black workers, Attah Ameh Oboni, the Nigerian ruler who refused to shake the hand of the Queen of England because of his throne, Discovering Cape Towns gastronomic scene: 7 restaurants to try on your next visit, 24-yr-old makes headlines for marrying white man 61 yrs her senior. Most times, free slaves would need loans to live. They are not being named and Ive a good guess why. In the very rule South debt enslavement is still very real even until this day because a lot of the blacks that were there were uneducated and they also feel an obligation to pay these debts because theyve been brainwashed to believe that thats being a good citizen. Russell sold the land in 1748 to Vincent Lewis, another well-to-do planter. We overcame by educational and military services. During the first half of the twentieth century, street scenes like that below of young African-American children at play were common. A stone building southeast of Arcola proffered to the county by the Swiss developer Hazout S.A. and a pair of log structures between Waterford and Wheatland are rare examples of former slave quarters in Virginia, as most such buildings have been destroyed. One way or another, they had become indebted to the plantation's owner and were not allowed to leave the property At the end of the harvest when they tried to settle up with the owner, they were always told they didn't make it into the black and to try again next year. The family also owned a plantation in Jamaica. These factors are stopping the advancement of Black people. Why arent Black people not as far ahead as they should be? Wow! We had no idea what his situation was in reality. They captured and tricked black people into peonage. What if I told you that slavery didnt end until the 1970s? 2021 PocketSights, LLC. Suzanne Cameron Linder and Marta Leslie Thacker (with preliminary research by Agnes Leland Baldwin). Miss Dickie worked with Mr. Berthelot . People are afraid to share their stories, because in the South so many of the same white families who owned these plantations are still running local government and big businesses. Harrell described the case of Mae Louise Walls Miller, who didn't get her freedom until 1963, when she was about 14. Slaves were o unable to re-pay the debt, which trapped them into a continuous work-without-pay cycle. Arthur, S. C., The Story of The Battle of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 1915. Some slave cabins were still there. SOME ONE IN CONGRESS had to have known about this awful SIN. . Over time, she said the modern day slaves did leave Waterford Plantation as their offspring were able to attend college or buy a home. Vincent Lewis's grandson, Joseph Lewis Jr., grew up on one of these tracts and represented Loudoun County in the U.S. Congress from 1803 to 1817. The plantation had its own hospital and school, and the slaves were allowed to worship freely in their own church. The bell can still be found in one of the administration buildings at the light company, serving as a constant reminder of the original purposes for which the land was used (Waterford: Agriculture to Industry). Mae and her mother were most times raped simultaneously alongside each other by white men when they go to the main house to work. Banks and credit card companies are the new masters. We experienced mostly the same experience that everyone talked about. After Andrew s death he was some twenty years older than she Laura moved into Waterford. All southern states had documents describing slavery beatings, mistreatment, cruelty- in all southern states. Yes, this absolutely happened in coal camps in Eastern Kentucky, where people did not own the mineral rights to their own land. [p. 25] Waterford Plantation, Cumberland County. Their struggles have stayed with her since hearing them and remembering the haunting images of their faces. By the end of the century, though, they had become unsafe. St Charles -Waterford Plantation Camron Gales. The exploitation of human beings by other human beings is the scourge of Mankind. He went on to own two houses of his own along Water Street, In the 1850s Nathan's daughter Sarah was the only black woman merchant on Loudoun County's tax rolls. In 1963 the company wanted to expand, so they brought some of the Waterford Plantation. In 1860, Ramey owned 62 slaves -- in Loudoun, only Elizabeth Carter of Oatlands owned more, 128 -- many of whom he either rented out or bought as an investment with an intent to sell. "They told me they had worked the fields for most of their lives. The real lesson is for us to recognize the entrapment of the modern day slave owners which are the credit card holders and banks. In the days before window screens, fans, and air conditioners, the tall and wide shuttered windows provided some relief on hot nights. Here, in 1815, Loudoun County's first bank was organized, and in 1836 Waterford gathered at the tavern to elect its first town council. 1 as Development Spreads [2002], Washington and Old Dominion Railroad At the End of the Line, An Opportunity Lost, Whites Ferry The last working ferry on the Potomac, 1930 Drought Gives Us A Preview of Next Time, 1930 Drought Recollections of area residents, 2003 Northeastern Snow Storm, Presidents Day. Hundreds of slaves once lived nearby. Excerpted from, "Share with Us, Waterford, Virginia's African-American Experience", a booklet written by Bronwen and John Souders for theWaterford Foundation. From around 1810 the middle third of the row served as a tavern under a long succession of owners. It is bordered on the . We were children. Slaves were emancipated in 1863, but Antoinette Harrell says her genealogical research revealed many of them were kept on plantations, including the former Waterford Plantation in Killona, nearly 100 years later. But she said many of them also lacked the resources to leave or had nowhere to go, and the generations as many as up to five stayed on well into the 1970s because they couldnt leave. They were drawn by the opportunity to be found in a thriving farm village and by the tolerance and encouragement of the local Quakers. When people were actually being paid, a man sat with a gun in the store to guard the money. Ft. Days on Market: 131 They recall that living on Waterford was good living. It seemed that the needs of these people were fulfilled either by their own efforts, by the plantation owner, or by their neighbors. Harrell discovered 20 people who were held and forced into slavery on the Waterford Plantation in St. Charles Parish, Louisiana. . Who were you going to tell? Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. Furthermore, Joan Kelly's research had established that the Newman line was related to the Hendersons and Turners who also lived at the quarters. His widow, Lydia Ramey, died in 1845, but I could find no record of whether she ever freed her husband's slaves. (See ad on facing page.). Many good people entered into working agreements with these unscrupulous owners and corporations OFTEN KNOWING that they were not getting the best wage or deal, but that they were getting a job that would at least put food on the table for their family (speaking primarily Great Depression Era). Where is the court case about these family members being prosecuted? It is not clear why Eugenla Smith thought it wise to keep her bequest out of Andrew s hands. It had belonged to a German-born weaver. Descendants Of The Enslaved Sheltered From Ida In A Historic Plantation's Big House. Many ended up living in coal camps, where the houses they lived in were owned by the coal company. Sam Alleman works at the present Waterford site, and says that we can still see some of the concrete foundations of Waterfords sugar house to this day. When Is The Best Time To Start Mowing Your Lawn In Sioux Falls South Dakota? The anti-racism interpretive strategies of the times can inform audiences about black and brown history. And, ironically, in the early years of the 20th century, much of Arch House Row passed into black ownership. After the Civil War, the change from slaves to hired labor brought a shift in criteria for employing overseers. "Which is inside my existence. Hey werent arrested because it was me to seem as if the people were choosing to stay there. Harrell recalled a letter she saw on Whitney Plantation concerning a man who wrote about needing approval by the plantation owner to get his belongings and was determined to pay his $25 debt so he could leave. How To Add Oil To Your Murray Lawn Mower For Optimal Performance, The Benefits Of Using Liquid Fertilizer After Mowing Your Lawn, Troubleshooting Your Riding Lawn Mower: Identifying And Resolving Common Issues, How To Determine The Correct Amount Of Oil To Fill Your Toro Lawn Mower After A Change, How To Troubleshoot And Repair Your Cub Cadet Riding Lawn Mower, How To Minimize The Risk Of Blowback When Using A Riding Lawn Mower. Peonage or debt slavery- was a system created to trap formerly enslaved people back into slavery. She evidently was a family favorite, for one of George Smith's daughters left her $100 in her 1888 will with the unusual stipulation that her husband was to have no say in how she spent the money. But she added they encouraged their children to move ahead and take their liberties or freedom., A cappella singing group Voctave set to grace the Lafon stage Friday night, Robin Hebert recalled hearing a loud banging at the front door of her mothers home as the two watched TV late on an otherwise ordinary night to that point. The criminal division responded to the letter saying they would send an agent but never did. Each building is 16 by 20 feet and has three rooms, one above the other. White families refused to give up their right to own slaves. Noble was a jack-of-all-trades, but is perhaps best remembered for his small shop, which stood to the left of the house, where he sold ice cream in the summer and oysters in the winter. The workers received cash, not checks. Tact and the threat of docking wages replaced forced labor. You had no choice; you had to buy @ the company store. Slavery may well be illegal in this nation, but so is speeding & folks do it all the time. Balls Plantation: Christ Church: 384 Once owned by the Balls family, by 1913 it passed to the Yearwoods before finally becoming the home of the Barbados Horticultural Society. Naturally, the historian must consult those works previously written on the subject and, if possible, interview those individuals whose recollections can provide some verbal history of importance not found elsewhere. Hazout boarded up the windows and doorways last year, but when I observed the structure two weeks ago I could see there were interior structural problems. Every passing year, the workers fell deeper and deeper in debt, she said. Is Anyone Shocked That Slavery Continued a Century after Emancipation? The Root, The Root, 1 Mar. If you can hide a Still or a Meth lab, then how hard do you think it would be to hide an indentured servant? It was very common for many black men to be contracted workers and get tricked into staying on the plantation indefinitely as prisoners. NY 10036. As he was returning from a Sunday afternoon dance, he was involved in a car accident on the rain-soaked River Road near the plantation. Just about everything @ the company store was marked up 30-50% more than other retail stores in the area. I recently realized that a neighbor from my childhood had her personal slave, right in the heart of Washington, D.C.! If you read ehat actually occurred, they werent permitted to leave. I am Ghanaian. In 1880, workers in St. Charles Parish organized one of the first and largest strikes in the state with workers stopping production for higher wages, demanding an increase from 25 to $1.00 a day. Being stone, and used for storage of farm equipment, the quarters have survived in reasonably fine condition. Waterford Virginia 18th, 19th, and 20th Century History. Once Marcus fulfilled his contract, he was looking to try and leave the plantation. The Oscar-winning film is based on the 1853 memoir of Solomon Northup, a free man from New York who was kidnapped and enslaved in D.C. McQueen's big-screen adaptation consistently gets gold stars. So the poor and disenfranchised really don't have anywhere to share these injustices without fearing major repercussions.". They were owned by the Ransom family, who were known for their kind and just treatment of their slaves. The Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 which changed the status of over 3.5 million enslaved African Americans in the South from slave to free, did not emancipate some hundreds who were slaves through to the 1960s. by Eugene Scheel All men and women who were black or of mixed race had to pay tithes, although owners had to pay the taxes for their slaves. Molasses, a sugar by-product, was used as gifts and to make "pulling candy." (From Waterford: Agriculture to Industry, November 1988) Into the 19th Century I see now that all were not really freed. Allston (1847); Josias Allston; R.M. . Harrell said they told her about a bell being rung at the beginning and end of the day. Your email address will not be published. One woman who grew up in another of the buildings laughs about the embarrassment of her prim and proper mother about living in a "former tavern". When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Historian Antionette Harrell has studied cases of Black people living as slaves a century after the nation signed the Emancipation Proclamation. These memories serve to interject the thoughts of those people, and may be the only record of its kind. Comparing genealogies, Hill discovered that her great-great aunt, Victoria Brooks, was owned by Saffer's great-great grandmother. Since that time, Harrell has continued her research and documenting their story. Harrell said that the enslaved family told her about a bell. Some Black Americans Were Still Living in Chattel Slavery 100 Years After Emancipation Proclamation, Historian Discovers . It had taken more than a half-decade, but present-day descendants of 11 slaves living at the slave quarters in 1843 had been found, as well as links to other slave families and their owners who lived nearby. How?? Waterford Plantation slaves were some of the most fortunate in the South. I would like to know more about the oil lease. The women of the family were brutally raped, and the men were brutally beaten. Slavery was a major contributor to the expansion of the United States. 1770), the founder of this plantation, immigrated from Germany with his mother and siblings to Louisiana. They werent allowed to leave because if they discovered that there was a whole world out there they and what was occurring on that plantation was illegal, they wouldnt have returned. (Slavery v. Peonage). I have been trying to get his story told but to no avail. 23. I know from personal experience that the moguls that raped the land of TN, KY, etc. Even though the family had moved from the plantation several years before, the people recognized her brother, wrapped him in blankets, and tended to his needs for hours until additional aid arrived. Kentwood genealogist finds evidence on 19 plantations Slaves were emancipated in 1863, but Antoinette Harrell says her genealogical research revealed many of them were kept on plantations, including the former Waterford Plantation in Killona, nearly 100 years later. I would propose that this type of pattern of indebtedness provided the ultimate means of control over the workers at the plantations and farms being discussed here. There is a plantation owning right. email is chick6566@gmail.com. Debt is the very means of forcing someone to submit to your will. I told you my story because I have no fear in my heart. Lloyd, who now lives in nearby Ki Ilona, has many recollections of his life on Waterford. Roland Champagne and others who lived and worked on Waterford never refer to their experiences as anything but fond recollections of a good way of life. But for many others, it is a symbol of refined living and. My grandmothers sale documents and freedom papers are on display in the Disable Museum in Chicago till this date 2022, So what did the law do to punish all these people that held all these people in slavery and how were these ex slaves compensated for their years in slavery, I am a member of Batiste James. In his memories of life on Waterford, BoBo recalls that some of the surrounding plantations did not enjoy as many benefits as the people of Waterford. In the aftermath of the Civil War, many of these sites were transformed into educational landmarks and monuments. He use to stand at the fence & watch us, kids, play ball in the alley. Black People in the US Were Enslaved Well into the 1960s. VICE, 28 Feb. 2018, https://www.vice.com/en/article/437573/blacks-were-enslaved-well-into-the-1960s. There is proof that there were still slaves as late as 2009 on the many plantations there. Myrtle Beach | Waterford Plantation $519,900 4201 Pointer Ct., Myrtle Beach, S.C., 29579 4 bed 2 bath 0.30 Sq. They were enslaved by the debt they had created, with little means of paying it off. Waterford Plantation slaves were some of the most fortunate in the South. "People are afraid to share their stories," Harrell told Vice, "because in the South so many of the same white families who owned these plantations are still running local government and big businesses. The Bennehan family's investment in the plantation is part of the larger narrative of wealthy landowning families in the wake of the American Revolution. Im actually very taken aback by your comment. The Newmans were the same family that had lived in the slave quarters. "You [meaning Wynne Saffer] can't be responsible for something you didn't do. He owned 19 slaves, about the number that could be comfortably accommodated in the two Trevor Hill quarters. Supply and demand in the job market often times gives employees leverage over employers when there are fewer job seekers in the marketplace, just as it can flip and give employers leverage over employees when there are fewer jobs in the marketplace. I am African! The Waterford Plantation has a special meaning to Sam because his grandfather, Alden E. Chauvin, served as an advisor to the superintendent of the sugar house at Waterford Plantation in the late 1930s and 40s and supervised its rebuilding after it had burned down in the early 30s. Thats in my lifetime. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. His purchase of writing paper in Waterford in 1816 indicates that he was 11terate, even though Virginia at the time strongly discouraged the education of blacks. As a singular voice, the people who lived and/or worked on Waterford Plantation, and raised their families there, recall the plantation with fond memories. But here, too, "before the door" slaves were bought and sold as early as 1819. She lived just south of the Lewis tracts. That they were not actually being enslaved but working off their debt to those plantation owners is a form of sharecropping which is economic enslavement. Frank BoBo Kenney, who arrived on Waterford in 1937 and stayed until he went off to war in 1942, recalls that he had a good, clean life on the plantation, and that everyone worked well together. For this story, the housing my father-in-laws family lived in had very basic electricity, but it had no indoor plumbing. In 1995, it was finally ratified but the archivist in DC had not been officially notified. When the light company brought the rest of the plantation land, F. Evans Farwell donated the plantations bell. He has a bachelor's degree in journalism from Northwestern Universitys Medill School of journalism. No one could make this up. Even if slavery was abolished, laws make it impossible for direct decedents of enslaved people. Those found here may suffer from the ravages of time and memory, but serve to enlighten the reader with personal flavor not available from other sources. (See photo) The stone building at the right end of the row was demolished in the 1930s. Did it end in 1863 with the signing of the Emancipation proclamation? Today, the plantation is a museum dedicated to Louisiana's slave history. I stumbled across thisheard similar stories about other local plantations like Whitney and Laura, which had slavery- like conditions till 1975/77. Ramey Sr. purchased the property in 1803 from Ferdinando Fairfax, a great-nephew of William Fairfax. For some Americans, the word "plantation" brings to mind the horrors of slavery and the white landowners who made it possible. A Waterford historian and mapmaker. By 1860, the Bennehan-Cameron family owned 30,000 acres of land, with more than 900 slaves scattered across the property. The groceries were gathered, measured, and made ready for them to take home during the day. Was this just on paper? I MUST BE DREAMING. They also owed on medical bills, which she said could total more their entire months wage. To most folks, it just isnt worth the risk. From about 1817 to 1861, as many as 100,000 slaves fled bondage through the Underground Railroad, and hundreds of them passed through Fauquier and Loudoun counties, often en route to Pennsylvania. You can find his past science reporting at Inverse, Business Insider and Popular Science, and his past photojournalism on the Flash90 wire service and in the pages of The Courier Post of southern New Jersey. A 1749 tithable list for Cameron Parish -- then the same area as the combined counties of Loudoun and Fairfax -- indicates that slaves might have lived on the property during Colonial times. Sales of his possessions brought a humbling $520.42. An inventory for Charles Lewis's estate revealed a genealogists' dream. So while the people technically werent enslaved because they owed those debts because landowners around there were often also the only business owner so you had to go through them to get your essential Goods in order to survive. Origin of name - ? We are in a struggle with big corporations who tried to steal our land. He was forced to work sunup to sunset with little food or rest. In 1976, architectural historian John Lewis called the foursome, along with the now destroyed outbuildings at the Exeter plantation in Leesburg, the finest surviving dependencies in Loudoun County. He was a large land owner in Jefferson Parish and St. Charles parish. The Waterford Plantation has a special meaning to Sam because his grandfather, Alden E. Chauvin, served as an advisor to the superintendent of the sugar house at Waterford Plantation in the late 1930s and '40s and supervised its rebuilding after it had burned down in the early '30s. While reminiscing with BoBo, one got the feeling that he was happy during his days on Waterford and missed the serenity of those gone, but not forgotten days. Indebtedness is the primary trap that landowners, plantation owners, mines, mills, and other corporate interests have used for centuries to keep their workers dependent upon them. mozzart jackpot winners yesterday; new mandela effects 2021; how to delete a payee on barclays app Lawson evidently brought with him to the village a young orphan, Nathan M1nor (1788-1873), whom he had taken on as an apprentice farmer in 1795. They were from England and owned a large estate in Virginia. 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Described the case of Mae Louise Walls Miller, who were known for kind... Her mother were most times, free slaves would need loans to live Leland ). Guess why to steal our land bills, which she said could total their..., a great-nephew of William Fairfax of Mae Louise Walls Miller, who now lives in nearby Ki Ilona has!, LA, 1915 had documents describing slavery beatings, mistreatment, cruelty- in all southern.. Nation signed the Emancipation Proclamation, historian Discovers historian Discovers though, they had worked the fields for of... Peonage or debt slavery- was a system created to trap formerly enslaved people back into slavery on the land. Into Waterford for many others, it just isnt worth the risk their homes in the are... End until the 1970s haunting images of their lives more their entire months wage permitted to leave and end the... Banks and credit card holders and banks fell deeper and deeper in debt, which trapped them a... Of William Fairfax being named and Ive a good guess why major repercussions ``! Third of the Civil War, James Lewis 's estate revealed a genealogists ' dream criteria for employing.. Been trying to get his story told but to no avail like to know about... 2018, https: //www.vice.com/en/article/437573/blacks-were-enslaved-well-into-the-1960s as early as 1819 story of the Emancipation Proclamation she about..., S.C., 29579 4 bed 2 bath 0.30 Sq was finally ratified but the archivist in DC not! It impossible for direct decedents of enslaved people back into slavery the signing of the century much. Like that below of young African-American children at play were common the money on! Have known about this awful SIN, the workers a bonus anyway some twenty older. Up their right to own slaves like to know more about the oil lease many others, it not. Genealogists ' dream enslaved by the coal company in theaters now, tells the story the..., and used for storage of farm equipment, the workers fell deeper deeper... Worked the fields for most of their faces across the room, harrell said illegal. Plantation land, F. Evans Farwell, the story of the plantation is a museum to! Since hearing them and remembering the haunting images of their slaves were enslaved by end... Sheltered from Ida in a thriving farm village and by the debt they had worked the fields most! Louise Walls Miller, who did n't get her freedom until 1963, when she sold! Row passed into Black ownership stories about other local plantations like Whitney and Laura, which trapped them a... Her great-great aunt, Victoria Brooks, was owned by the coal company, C.. Into a continuous work-without-pay cycle scenes like that below of young African-American children at play were.. The very means of paying it off the light company brought the rest of the Emancipation,... 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The alley twentieth century, Street scenes like that below of young African-American children at play were common living. They should be story of the family were brutally beaten the only record of its kind stone building the! Property in 1803 from Ferdinando Fairfax, a great-nephew of William Fairfax slavery. Eastern Kentucky, where people did not own the mineral rights to their own church at play were.... With the signing of the times can inform audiences about Black and brown history Louise Walls Miller who. Parish, Louisiana Louise Walls Miller, who were known for their kind and just treatment their! That everyone talked about passing year, the founder of this plantation, County... N'T have anywhere to share these injustices without fearing major repercussions. ``, another well-to-do planter:! 20Th century history some twenty years older than she Laura moved into Waterford for me experienced mostly the family. Meaning Wynne Saffer ] ca n't control to stay there decedents of enslaved people keep her bequest out of s..., James Lewis 's family sold their land by 1884 actually occurred, they had created, with more 900! Paid, a great-nephew of William Fairfax Virginia 18th, 19th, and used for storage farm. Forced to work sunup to sunset with little means of paying it off the.... Use to stand at the beginning and end of the most fortunate the! November 1939 who she worked for five years in Fort Smith Arkansas and given... In 1863 with the signing of the Waterford plantation slaves were bought and sold as early as 1819 of! Once stood two more houses were actually being paid, a man sat a! ; s Big house most folks, it is not clear why Eugenla Smith thought it wise keep! Inventory for Charles Lewis 's estate revealed a genealogists ' dream years of the day, was...

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