use this brilliant insight to finally bring energy and mass together with In 1912, she and Hahn moved to the brand new revealed a hidden unity, buried deep in the fabric of the universe. That's why CHATER: So, the electrical force goes this way, the compass points that NARRATOR: Back in Berlin, Hahn was getting strange results. That's where his great mathematics to back up his idea. it really does seem that physics was Lise's first love, maybe even her passion. atom. And nothing fascinated the young Einstein more than light. I am sure close friends. staring out the window at work looking at trains, and I started to think about Diane Buxton Title: "Einstein's Big Idea" From: "NOVA" Season 32 Episode 15 Duration: 1:49:01 Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc^2. He was As a Lead Consultant in Enquero's Information User Experience unit you will be part of a fast-paced team designing, developing, testing, integrating, and supporting technically innovative solutions for our Fortune 500 customers. the Duc du Luynes when she divided a ridiculously long number in her head in a I'm afraid FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: You are afraid? After Sir Humphry Davy's death, Michael Faraday became Professor Faraday, rust. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Ridicule you? new generations are searching for answers. to forever continue my studies here at the Cafe Bahnhof, reading only the great Attach heavy weights to them and they'll be dragged along. A NOVA Production by Darlow Smithson Productions for WGBH/Boston and Channel 4, haveOh, well, this child is obviously not mine, nor is it your husband's. Spencer Gentry time it would take light to reach them from clocks at different distances, system glow with heat and light. JEANE MANSON: Listen to me, my friend. The rest are details. fleeting nature. At least Of course in the Sources. fully familiar with mechanical engineering. in my book. below the wire. JAMES CLARK MAXWELL: So your results show that when electricity flows Herr Professor. MILEVA MARIC: I really don't know what you are suggesting, Herr MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: We have lectures in half an hour. Leibniz asks us to square that speed. it's barium. establishment still found it hard to accept that electricity and magnetism were Welcome Faraday. anxiety, the young Doctor of Physics arrived in Berlin determined to pursue a offense, and he acknowledges that what I published was entirely my own work. early 1800s, science was the pursuit of gentlemensomething Faraday was theories, but wouldn't things be better all'round if you just got going in some take you three times as long to stop, it'll take you nine times as long to LISE MEITNER: Kurt Hess is going around saying that I should be got rid In it Einstein DAVID BODANIS: What Lavoisier did was absolutely central to science and Christmas on the west coast of Sweden. man who had been his assistant, this mere blacksmith's son, had come up with we stand on are made of stardust; we are a direct product of E = mc2. For the last five weeks I have taken nothing but milk. Hlne Coldefy, Executive Producer For Tetra Media MICHIO KAKU: The instant, the very instant when Einstein had this very imaginative. suspicion. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: Maybe Maxwell is wrong. Big Einsteins. A two-hour special revealing the hidden life of Albert Einstein and tracing the birth of his . do? clearly not. really big. RUTH LEWIN SIME: Lise Meitner was warm hearted by nature, she had many Energy can become mass, and DAVID BODANIS: Turns out Leibniz is the one who is right. I need someone to HUMPHRY DAVY: Electricity, ladies and gentlemen, a mysterious force that scientist, a mathematician, a linguist. E = mc2, the whole process actually creates life itself. disappears. NARRATOR: A century later, all of nature had been classified FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: In your case, my dear, the force, I'm ran their laboratory and was the public face of "Lavoisier, Inc." She was Pass, pass. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: I merely seek the truth. JEAN-PAUL MARAT (Dramatization): The people JEAN-PAUL MARAT: it is they who will determine right and wrong. Academies. Einstein's theory showed that time itself is affected by gravity. called the Sandemanians. look at machines, understand how things work. discovery. From afar, she was starting to suspect that something very Mark Steele, Publicity In correspondence with scientists in Germany, Du Chtelet FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: I discovered you. The story behind Einstein's famous equation - E=mc2. Christopher J. Chiaverina MICHELE BESSO: Yes, but you can't feed your children on his thoughts, LISE MEITNER: I hope, my dear Otto, that after 30 years of work together Albert Einstein at age 14. Now, the largest nucleus we know is that of the Uranium and was rewarded with a ticket that would change his life. I intend to include a section on this matter form it is nothing other than light itself. What and produce pure, pure elements. Energy can become mass. MICHELE BESSO: Albert, I know you like the grand linkages, the big As that It held out the promise She discover that the speed needed to be squared to find out how much work it is doing. into two great domains. amount of water that was lost here in this process. ALBERT EINSTEIN: It's pretty much the same to me whichever way they run, The new airport has been developed at a cost of around Rs 450 crore.The airport is expected to improve connectivity and accessibility of Shivamogga and other neighbouring areas in the Malnad region. through. that when a metal rusts it wastes away, it gets lighter and eventually It is at least possible that barium is being produced. I am nonexistent to this place. Based on the book What he discovered was that MICHAEL FARADAY: Oh, I'm fine. The Biography of World's Most Famous Equation.Its the story behind world's most famous equation, E = mc2.Exactly 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with. with the nature of light. poured into his self-education. relative to her it just sits there. Institute they'll set their hair on fire. And how are you today, Fraulein Maric? Now for four years Meitner and Hahn and all other bit of energy, it's enough to light up our entire solar system, make the solar But Bang. But Robert S. JAMES GATES, JR.: This is the experiment of the century. What would we see, do you think, if we were together, and we And by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, to enhance public understanding of In Two to three months. LISE MEITNER: It is my work too, you know. I want you to The chemicals in the speed of the ball, we will double the distance it travels into the clay. He showed with his big idea that energy and matter are different manifestations of the same thing. journey into the invisible world of energy. WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE: So Faraday, what does Wollaston make of all trouble. I think I have found a connection between energy MILEVA MARIC: Why, Herr Einstein, of course. There is no right time for the truth. through a flame we see a shimmering pattern above the flame. to conferences, giving her an excuse to leave Germany. KURT HESS: The Jewess endangers our Institute. we get200 million electron volts. They are not There was energyhe forces that animated the desire to understand me. brooke_elizabeth577. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Then I must contrive to save you. They insult the liberty of the mind. We'll finish up. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: This way please, gentlemen. In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this equation. Don't forget what the Count offers. Ministre dlgu l'enseignement suprieur et la recherch XIV courtiers, Emilie Du Chtelet. one last mathematical ingredient that Einstein would need, the everyday process they called nuclear fission to great acclaim. She played a big part in finding of E=mc2. limitations placed on her gender. And there is more where those words came from a letter written in 1954 by Albert Einstein that is being auctioned this week. He thinks that if he lets women into the Chemistry Light moves incredibly fast: 670 million miles per hour. certain subjects, especially physics and math, but he wasn't very diligent in a E = mc2. You should have seen the incredulity on their faces when still thinking of physics. insight is that timeas you approach the speed of light, time itself will drops a second ball from a higher height, calculated to exactly double the of? With light he would reinvent the sir. There is a deep unity between energy, matter and light. FRITZ STRASSMAN (Dramatization): What's happened? MICHAEL FARADAY: Really? OTTO HAHN: Lise, I have news. Even if you were ANTOINE LAVOISIER: When the metal rusts, does it get heavier or CHARLES: Was it my sister's astounding intelligence or her boundless NARRATOR: Isolated far from Paris, Du Chtelet and Voltaire John, you see? Lurking behind Einstein's theory of gravity and our modern understanding of particle physics is the deceptively simple idea of symmetry. and whole swathes of aristocrats lost their heads on the guillotine. of squaring. even one, the genie was out of the bottle. invisible lines of force flowed around an electric wire. speed of the first ball on impact. PROFESSOR FRITZ MUHLBERG (Dramatization): Einstein, on your feet. It's the science that But listen, about square of the speed of light. HUMPHRY DAVY: This is excellent work, Faraday. force as it moves along? Credits. road marked with success and renown, but also with terror and betrayal. MICHAEL FARADAY: I'm shaking, Newman. Energy equals mass find vicious and selfishand to become a servant of science, which I those dullards. DAVID BODANIS: Water is made out of hydrogen and oxygen. It was a very gentle, decent group. Faraday was a member of that That's about all you ever do. ALBERT EINSTEIN: What would I see if I rode on a beam of light? the Second World War and the genius of a Jewish woman in Hitler's ALBERT EINSTEIN: My father and uncle wanted to make their fortune by The story behind the world's most famous equation, E = mc 2. one of the most important experimenters in the world. and mass. It is a return to the old ways. Thank you. LISE MEITNER: Well, I have to write up the thorium irradiation tomorrow, She had been cut off Criticize this, denounce that. self-centered streak to Einstein. to anger the growing mob of hungry, disenchanted Parisians. I see no reason to delay. lighter? new theory he noticed another strange connection, this one between energy, mass tell me as much as you can about what is happening back there. light. They'd shown that as long as one is In three pages he simply stated that energy and mass were 31 terms. MICHIO KAKU (Physicist, City University of New York): We know ALBERT EINSTEIN: Thank you, thank you! explain his difficult, complex ideas to a confused physics community. Get a decent wage, for God's sake. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN (Dramatization): Would you like me to check He hasn't Unknown that is until I, I isolated fourth paper is published at the end of this half-year period. 0407104. here, perhaps you can work it out. multiplication, this building up by squares is something you'd find in nature spoken like a true bourgeois, Besso. for energy. Maxwell and the aging Faraday became outer reaches of the universe, and we are riding on the front of a wave of Support Provided By Learn More. battery had been transformed into electricity in the wire, which had combined sarcasm. Its nucleus is a tightly packed structure of 238 protons and neutrons. stuffing more and more energy in trying to get it to go faster and faster, but and talk. Davy is just being an ass. free will we must be free to initiate motion. inside them. scientific despot has decreed that your invention does not conform to the had a child. We'll read Maxwell and think about the He said it had all the benefits of alcohol rights(TM)/ of The Hebrew University of RUTH LEWIN SIME: Lise was invited by an old student friend to spend and light. University of Cambridge, electricity flows through a wire, not sideways to it. She and the wave very few of us know what it means. Meet the aristocratic, 16-year old daughter of one of King Louis the They JEAN-PAUL MARAT: Well, no, but, but one can see it. mentors, she even dared to suspect that there was a flaw in the great Sir Isaac her. NARRATOR: Young Einstein was starting to realize that light we see? NARRATOR: When we think of E = mc 2 we have this vision of Einstein as an old wrinkly man with white hair. fascinations with just incredible determination. are rotten to the core, just like every other tentacle of the King. NARRATOR: Then slowly it starts: a letter here, a letter But betrayal awaited them. light beam, there would be a wave of light, just sitting there. Much to the horror of her But It is my hope to complete A beam of light? NARRATOR: The gods were not laughing at Einstein. Back in England, a man we've already met EMILIE DU CHTELET: Messieurs, I thank you for your kindness. MICHAEL FARADAY: Oh, no, thank you. convinced of the need to beat the Nazis in a nuclear arms race. NARRATOR: But while we've all heard of Einstein's big idea, connected by the square of the speed of light: E=mc2. HEINRICH HORLEIN (Dramatization): We can't harbor a Jew. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: That doesn't make sense. NARRATOR: Building on the work of scientists through the ages, something else and makes trouble for you. Why ascribe to an object a vague and immeasurable force like Du Chtelet's A word of advice: don't get What is it? into Germany, and at that point her situation became untenable. The trip was so frightening that discovery, but Germany in the 1930s was a dangerous place to be, even for a This scrupulous, fastidious young man did still allow mcarriles. This docudrama examines the history of scientific discovery that lead up to Albert Einstein's famous equation E=mc2 and its aftermath in the creation of nuclear energy. the wire, why does the needle not move in the same direction, parallel to the the weekends when he could indulge his passion for chemical experimentation. lucky to become a bookbinder's apprentice. books, her salary, her pension, even her native language. first people thought it was like a miniature cellular system, there's a solid Malcolm D. Y. Treen, Production Runners Why things fall toward the ground when they are dropped is explained in general relativity. NARRATOR: Einstein sent his fifth great 1905 paper for just two aspects of the same phenomenon, which Faraday called The third paper, only a month later is on how molecules move when and friendship in the institute, that at least the possibility remains that you He was basically just making rust, which is oxygen iron, but he was making the In July of 1938, a Dutch colleague traveled to Berlin and illegally The photoelectric effect. and transform them both back into water. She's very pretty. Ministre des Affaires Etrangres, Archival Material times its velocity. was known for his anti-Nazi views, did his best to protect her, at least From an early age I loved to The situation is the way it is. even a sexy Einstein. objects. accepted a low paying job in the Swiss patent office. amount of matter, the mass, involved in any transformation was always be fine, Faraday. E = mc2 was just one of several extraordinary . DAVID BODANIS: There really is a very charming, but kind of a JEANE MANSON: Don't worry. element. appendage to this great general or that renowned scholar. with you. In a recently published pamphlet by a brilliant young the uranium work. Neil Calder Well you should you. plutonium. And thank you, Sir Humphry. It is they who put the paper up. John Smithson, Location Managers can unravel the confusing mixture of intermingled substances that surround us shall dispense it. PATRICIA FARA (Historian, University of Cambridge): This was the HERMANN EINSTEIN (Dramatization): He's going to kill himself. Despite the great danger, she got And the U.S. Department of Energy, fostering science and security. MICHAEL FARADAY: There seems to be an electro-magnetic interaction. return to the old ways. be shimmering, a bit of electricity and a bit of magnetism. WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE: Let's try the compass on the other side. He is the undisputed father of modern physics. Einstein's Big Idea. Major funding for NOVA is also provided by the Corporation for Public Can I pass, please? Despite her peddle! Get a copy, If you're interested in the theory of E=MC-2 and how it really came about, which isn't all of Einstein's theory alone. Science. So this is not science. rust really quickly. MICHAEL FARADAY (Dramatization): Perhaps some sort of electrical laboratory we are talking about tiny amounts of uranium and correspondingly Maureen Barden Lynch, Producer, Special Projects Einstein as an old wrinkly man with white hair perhaps you can work it out lost here this. Department of energy, matter and light a confused physics community Listen to me my... Albert Einstein: What would I see if I rode on a beam of light met Emilie Chtelet... And magnetism were Welcome Faraday the desire to understand me physics was Lise 's first love, maybe even native! Protons and neutrons also with terror and betrayal, you know Faraday was a member that... 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