Herod Philip, uncle and first husband of Herodias, was not a ruler. [123] Joan Taylor has argued that the symbolism on the coins show how Pilate attempted to promote the Roman imperial cult in Judaea, in spite of local Jewish and Samaritan religious sensitivities. Ignatius further dates Jesus's birth, passion, and resurrection during Pilate's governorship in his epistle to the Magnesians (11.1). [25] Like all but one other governor of Judaea, Pilate was of the equestrian order, a middle rank of the Roman nobility. [29] Although it is therefore likely Pilate served in the military, it is nevertheless not certain. The Samaritans reported Pilate to Vitellius, legate of Syria, after he attacked them on Mount Gerizim (36 ce). Caiaphas would be removed following Pilate's own removal from the governorship. "[278] These creeds are recited weekly by many Christians. [13], Bond argues that Jesus's arrest was made with Pilate's prior knowledge and involvement, based on the presence of a 500-strong Roman cohort among the party that arrests Jesus in John 18:3. [116] The inscription was formerly found outside the church of St. Secundus, where it had been copied from a presumed original. Yet the Bible isn't the only ancient source of information about Pilate. Antiquities of the Jews 18.3.3. . [270], Only one film has been made entirely in Pilate's perspective, the 1962 French-Italian Ponzio Pilato, where Pilate was played by Jean Marais. For more information about the Acts of Pilate, visit Pontius Pilate refers to Christ in official records.. Among those are bronze coins that were minted in Judea between A.D. 29 and 32. According to some traditions, the Roman emperor Caligula ordered Pontius Pilate to death by execution or suicide. Ignatius stresses all these events in his epistles as historical facts. Omissions? Come, see the place where He was lying. Matthew 28:1-6(NASB). [101] Paul Maier notes that no other surviving records corroborate Pilate's suicide, which is meant to document God's wrath for Pilate's role in the crucifixion, and that Eusebius explicitly states that "tradition" is his source, "indicating that he had trouble documenting Pilate's presumed suicide". Thus says the LORD, Let not a wise man boast of his wisdom, and let not the mighty man boast of his might, let not a rich man boast of his riches; but let him who boasts boast of this, that he understands and knows Me . [41] As Roman governor, he was head of the judicial system. An early church tradition that had taken a favourable opinion of Pilate persisted in some churches into the early 21st century. What Happened to Pontius Pilate after Jesus? [133][134] Additionally, earlier Christian traditions portray Pilate more positively than later ones,[135] a change which Ann Wroe suggests reflects the fact that, following the legalization of Christianity in the Roman Empire by the Edict of Milan (312), it was no longer necessary to deflect criticism of Pilate (and by extension of the Roman Empire) for his role in Jesus's crucifixion onto the Jews. [259], The majority of literary texts about Pilate come from the time after the Second World War, a fact which Alexander Demandt suggests shows a cultural dissatisfaction with Pilate having washed his hands of guilt. I am always suspect of documents like this, so please understand that I am not presenting the "Acts of Pilate" as fact. by the Russian painter Nikolai Ge, which was completed in 1890; the painting was banned from exhibition in Russia in part because the figure of Pilate was identified as representing the tsarist authorities. [266] Following the Second World War, Pilate and the Romans often take on a villainous role in American film. [108] The stone attests Pilate's title of prefect and the inscription appears to refer to some kind of building called a Tiberieum, a word otherwise unattested[109] but following a pattern of naming buildings about Roman emperors. Pontius Pilate was appointed governor of Judea (A.D. 26-36) under Tiberius Caesar. According to some, Pilate killed himself while in exile to Gallia. He was sent back to Rome by the legate of Syria to answer for this incident before Tiberius, but the emperor died before Pilate arrived in Rome. Like the exercise. Pontius Pilate's wife is the unnamed spouse of Pontius Pilate, who appears only once in the Gospel of Matthew, where she intercedes with Pilate on Jesus' behalf.It is uncertain whether Pilate was actually married, although it is likely. [224] One of the earliest literary works in which he plays a large role is French writer Anatole France's 1892 short story "Le Procurateur de Jude" ("The Procurator of Judaea"), which portrays an elderly Pilate who has been banished to Sicily. Flavius Josephus. My name is pronounced "Pilate." It sounds the same as the name of the person who steers the boat or the ship - the pilot. [230], In the passion plays from the continental Western Europe, Pilate's characterization varies from good to evil, but he is mostly a benign figure. [228] The three most popular scenes in the plays to include Pilate are his washing of hands, the warning of his wife Procula not to harm Jesus, and the writing of the titulus on Jesus' cross. Following Livia's death, the coins only read . [207], The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries see fewer depictions of Pilate, although he generally appears in cycles of artwork on the passion. Pontius Pilate was a shrewd politician, an opportunist, and a man well-versed in philosophy and familiar with ethics. [12] The Eastern Orthodox church believes that Pilate and his wife eventually became Christians. [224][225][226], Pilate plays a major role in the medieval passion play. He was [the] Christ; and when Pilate, at the suggestion of the principal men amongst us, had condemned him to the cross, those that loved him at the first did not forsake him, for he appeared to them alive again the third day, as the divine prophets had foretold these and ten thousand other wonderful things concerning him; and the tribe of Christians, so named from him, are not extinct to this day.[6]. Pilate holds a high-pressured position of . Yet, no judge could justly condemn a man he considered innocent. What happened to him after his biblical appearance? [285] Parts of the dialogue attributed to Pilate in the Gospel of John have become particularly famous sayings, especially quoted in the Latin version of the Vulgate. "[85] Some scholars believe that the Gospel accounts are completely untrustworthy: S. G. F. Brandon argued that in reality, rather than vacillating on condemning Jesus, Pilate unhesitatingly executed him as a rebel. Scripture gives us no further information concerning Pilate, but Josephus, the Jewish historian records that Pilate, the Roman procurator of Judea succeeded Gratus. Home; About us. [232] Pilate goes on to play an important role in the increasingly long and elaborate passion plays performed in the German-speaking countries and in France. First we meet Lamia ambling idly on the coast near Rome. . It is possible that the ring belonged to another individual named Pilate,[130] or that it belonged to someone who worked for Pontius Pilate. He also finds historical the information that their relationship mended following the execution of Jesus. What happened to Pontius Pilate after the death of the Lord Jesus Christ? McClintock and Strong. Pilate presided for 10 years as the governor or "prefect" of Judea, from 26 to 36 C.E., and his name is immortalized in the New Testament as the man who oversaw the trial and crucifixion of Jesus. His position and his well-being depended on keeping the peace with those around him. [47] This indicates that Caiaphas and the priests of the Sadducee sect were reliable allies to Pilate. [222] In 1893, Ge painted another painting, Golgotha, in which Pilate is represented only by his commanding hand, sentencing Jesus to death. 2. Pontius Pilate was a Roman prefect (or governor) over Judea in the early first century (about 26-36 AD). Pontius Pilate was the Roman official who gave the final order for the crucifixion. Pontius Pilate is today perhaps the best-known figure of the Roman Administration from the first century. [229] While in some plays Pilate is opposed to the Jews and condemns them, in others he describes himself as a Jew or supports their wish to kill Christ. Jeremiah 9:23-24. By other accounts, Pontius Pilate was sent into exile and committed suicide of his own accord. [9] Modern historians have differing assessments of Pilate as an effective ruler: while some believe that he was a particularly brutal and ineffective governor, others believe that his long time in office implies reasonable competence. Pilate's importance in modern Christianity is underscored by his prominent place in both the Apostles' and Nicene Creeds. "[256] Pilate becomes obsessed with his guilt for having killed Jesus. 8. [125] In the mid-20th century, A. Mazar tentatively identified it as the Arrub aqueduct that brought water from Solomon's Pools to Jerusalem, an identification supported in 2000 by Kenneth Lnnqvist. [247], The fifteenth century also sees Pilate as a character in plays based on legendary material: one, La Vengeance de Nostre-Seigneur, exists in two dramatic treatments focusing on the horrible fates that befell Christ's tormenters: it portrays Pilate being tied to a pillar, covered with oil and honey, and then slowly dismembered over 21 days; he is carefully tended to so that he does not die until the end. [144] Moreover, the text makes explicit that while Pilate washes his hands of guilt, neither the Jews nor Herod do so. [22] If it means "skilled with the javelin," it is possible that Pilate won the cognomen for himself while serving in the Roman military;[20] it is also possible that his father acquired the cognomen through military skill. "[52] More information on the potential fate of Pontius Pilate can be gleaned from other sources. Perhaps the earliest apocryphal texts attributed to Pilate are denunciations of Christianity and of Jesus that claim to be Pilate's report on the crucifixion. [132], Positive traditions about Pilate are frequent in Eastern Christianity, particularly in Egypt and Ethiopia, whereas negative traditions predominate in Western and Byzantine Christianity. [115] The more recent scholars Alexander Demandt and Henry MacAdam both believe that the inscription is genuine, but attests to a person who simply had the same cognomen as Pontius Pilate. We do not know where Pontius Pilate was born. He and his wife are venerated in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church; their feast day is June 25. [293] According to this theory, following Sejanus's execution in 31 CE and Tiberius's purges of his supporters, Pilate, fearful of being removed himself, became far more cautious, explaining his apparently weak and vacillating attitude at the trial of Jesus. [41] Because the Romans allowed a certain degree of local control, Pilate shared a limited amount of civil and religious power with the Jewish Sanhedrin. Pilate, who was the fifth, succeeding Valerius Gratus in A.D. 26, had greater authority than most procurators under the empire, for in addition to the ordinary duty of financial administration, he had supreme power . Pontius Pilate. Pilate then summoned them to an arena, where the Roman soldiers drew their swords. Pontius Pilate, Prefect of Judea [ .. has given?]". "[277] The Nicene Creed states "For our sake [Jesus] was crucified under Pontius Pilate; he suffered death and was buried. "[268] Bowie's Pilate speaks with a British accent, contrasting with the American accent of Jesus (Willem Dafoe). We will start by discovering what history tells us about this leader. Pilate's times were very different from our own. [268] In the 1973 film Jesus Christ Superstar, based on the 1970 rock opera, the trial of Jesus takes place in the ruins of a Roman theater, suggesting the collapse of Roman authority and "the collapse of all authority, political or otherwise". None of these texts survive, but Tibor Grll argues that their contents can be reconstructed from Christian apologetic texts. But here's the thing: Pontius Pilate was a light-weight. By the 2nd century AD, the so-called "Acts of Pilate" document began to circulate among Christians. Nothing is known about what happened to him after this event. Sources on Pontius Pilate are limited, although modern scholars know more about him than about other Roman governors of Judaea. [216] In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Pilate was frequently dressed as an Arab, wearing a turban, long robes, and a long beard, given the same characteristics as the Jews. The circumstances surrounding Pontius Pilate's death in circa 39 A.D. are something of a mystery and a source of contention. But in the end, the fate of Pontius Pilate remains a mystery. [183] In the medieval Slavonic Josephus, an Old Church Slavonic translation of Josephus, with legendary additions, Pilate kills many of Jesus's followers but finds Jesus innocent. [48] Moreover, Maier argues that Pilate could not have used the temple treasury to construct an aqueduct, as recorded by Josephus, without the cooperation of the priests. The official residence of the procurators was the palace of Herod at Csarea; where there was a military force of about 3,000 soldiers. [127] However, more recent research, published in 2021, dates the construction of another one of the aqueducts providing water to the Solomon's Pools, namely the Biar Aqueduct (also known as Wadi el-Biyar Aqueduct), to the mid-first century AD, probably during the time of Pilate. The second-century pagan philosopher Celsus polemically asked why, if Jesus was God, God had not punished Pilate, indicating that he did not believe that Pilate shamefully committed suicide. [145] The Gospel includes a scene in which the centurions who had been guarding Jesus' tomb report to Pilate that Jesus has been resurrected. In later tradition, she becomes known as Procula (Latin: Procula) or Procla (Ancient Greek: ) and plays a role in various New Testament Apocrypha. The life of one man was worth avoiding a rebellion, resulting in the deaths of hundreds. In Roman-occupied Judea, Claudia Lucretia Pilate, daughter of the governor Pontius Pilate, is not happy with her father's choice of husband for her - the handsome Roman Tribune Marcus Gaius Sejanus, who has been assigned the task of ridding Palestine of the troublesome Zealots. Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The sons of Herod the Great petitioned him to remove the shields, but Pilate refused. [168] The tradition may go back to a misread Latin inscription on the tower. First Apology 48. [189] Pilate's iconography as a seated Roman judge derives from depictions of the Roman emperor, causing him to take on various attributes of an emperor or king, including the raised seat and clothing. [98] Joan Taylor, on the other hand, argues that Pilate seems to have ended his career in disgrace, using his unflattering portrayal in Philo, written only a few years after his dismissal, as proof. On the other hand, Johns picture of Pilate delivering judgment from a tribunal in front of the prefects mansion fits typical Roman procedure. [137] The earliest attestation of a positive tradition about Pilate comes from the late first-, early second-century Christian author Tertullian, who, claiming to have seen Pilate's report to Tiberius, states Pilate had "become already a Christian in his conscience. [23] In the Gospels of Mark and John, Pilate is only called by his cognomen, which Marie-Joseph Ollivier takes to mean that this was the name by which he was generally known in common speech. . Pontius Pilate. This is revealed to be because Pilate is wearing Jesus's coat; when the coat is removed, the Emperor condemns him to death, but Pilate commits suicide first. What happened to Pontius Pilate after the death of Christ? Philo is hostile, Josephus mostly neutral, and the Gospels "comparatively friendly. [74], Pilate's role in condemning Jesus to death is also attested by the Roman historian Tacitus, who, when explaining Nero's persecution of the Christians, explains: "Christus, the founder of the name, had undergone the death penalty in the reign of Tiberius, by sentence of the procurator Pontius Pilate, and the pernicious superstition was checked for a moment" (Tacitus, Annals 15.44). [92], According to Josephus' Antiquities of the Jews (18.4.12), Pilate's removal as governor occurred after Pilate slaughtered a group of armed Samaritans at a village called Tirathana near Mount Gerizim, where they hoped to find artifacts that had been buried there by Moses. [26] As one of the attested Pontii, Pontius Aquila (an assassin of Julius Caesar), was a tribune of the plebs, the family must have originally been of plebeian origin. [260] Swiss playwright Max Frisch's comedy Die chinesische Mauer portrays Pilate as a skeptical intellectual who refuses to take responsibility for the suffering he has caused. Pilate's Life Brown also rejects the historicity of Pilate washing his hands and of the blood curse, arguing that these narratives, which only appear in the Gospel of Matthew, reflect later contrasts between the Jews and Jewish Christians. [213] Many, mostly German, engravings and woodcuts of Pilate were created in the fifteenth century. Are you all stoics or something? They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Herod Antipas was one of the co-conspirators who carried out the condemnation and execution of Jesus Christ. According to some traditions, the Roman emperor Caligula ordered Pontius Pilate to death by execution or suicide. He is famous for crucifying the Christ, and many dramatic interpretations have tried to discern what sort of a man he was. [268] The 1959 film Ben-Hur shows Pilate (the Australian actor, Frank Thring, Jr.) presiding over a chariot race, in a scene that Ann Wroe says "seemed closely modeled on the Hitler footage of the 1936 Olympics," with Pilate bored and sneering. [245] Not only does Pilate force Judas to betray Christ, he double-crosses him and refuses to take him on as a servant once Judas has done so. "[70], At the Passover of most likely 30 or 33, Pontius Pilate condemned Jesus of Nazareth to death by crucifixion in Jerusalem. Many of these legends connected Pilate's place of birth or death to particular locations around Western Europe, such as claiming his body was buried in a particularly dangerous or cursed local area. He became famous for the trial and crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth (c. 30 CE). Agapius of Hierapolis (10th century historian) said Pilate committed suicide during the first year of Caligula's reign (37-38 AD). Eusebius records the following for us, It is worthy of note that Pilate himself, who was governor in the time of our Savior, is reported to have fallen into such misfortunes under Caius, whose times we are recording, that he was forced to become his own murderer and executioner; and thus divine vengeance, as it seems, was not long in overtaking him. 12. The earliest extant legendary biography is the De Pilato of c.1050, with three further Latin versions appearing in the mid-twelfth century, followed by many vernacular translations. He is frequently depicted as a more important character to the narrative than even Jesus,[227] and became one of the most important figures of medieval drama in the fifteenth century. In a newly deciphered 1,200-year-old telling of the Passion story, Jesus has supper with Pontius Pilate before his crucifixion. [253] Shortly afterwards, French writer Roger Caillois wrote a novel Pontius Pilate (1936), in which Pilate acquits Jesus. He is not here, for He has risen, just as He said. For instance, years later Pontius Pilate, who was the procurator of Judea and probably most famous for condemning Jesus to the cross, was succeeded by a Roman leader named Marcellus. In the Gospel of Luke, Pilate find that JesusBeing from Galilee, he belongs to the jurisdiction of Herod Antipas, and decides to send him before him. Finally, the corpse is taken to Lausanne in modern Switzerland and buried in an isolated lake (perhaps Lake Lucerne), where demonic visitations continue to occur. . They wanted Jesus dead. [72] The main sources on the crucifixion are the four canonical Christian Gospels, the accounts of which vary. [61], According to Philo's Embassy to Gaius (Embassy to Gaius 38), Pilate offended against Jewish law by bringing golden shields into Jerusalem, and placing them on Herod's Palace. [30], Pilate was the fifth governor of the Roman province of Judaea, during the reign of the emperor Tiberius. 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